Impregnation of Silver Nanoparticles into Bacterial Cellulose for Antimicrobial and Controlled Extrudate Wound Dressing
Bacterial cellulose was produced by an acetic acid-producing bacterium, Acetobacter xylinum (TISTR 975). Bacterial cellulose is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provide moist environment to a wound resulting in better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose itself has no antimicrobial activity to prevent wound from infection. To achieve antimicrobial activity, silver nanoparticles were impregnated into the bacterial cellulose by immersing the bacterial cellulose in silver nitrate solution. Sodium borohydride was then used to reduce the absorbed silver ion to metallic silver nanoparticles. The size of silver nanoparticles determined by transmission electron microscope is approximately 12.6±3.01 nm. Silver nanopartilces display an optical absorption band at 420 nm, due to the surface plasmon resonance (SPR). The silver nanoparticles impregnated bacterial cellulose had a bright yellow color, due to the intense band around the excitation of SPR. The formation of silver nanoparticles was also evidenced by X-ray diffraction that revealed the four peaks at 2θ values of 38.2º, 44.5º, 64.5º, 77.7º corresponding to (111), (200), (220) and (311) planes of the face-centered cubic metallic silver crystal. The silver nanoparticle- impregnated bacterial cellulose had 62.25 of swelling ratio after immersing in the demonized water for 4 hours. A 100 % reduction in viable Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aurous was observed after 48 hours of incubation of bacteria with the silver nanoparticle-impregnated bacterial cellulose. According to its high absorbability and effective bactericidal, silver nanoparticle-impregnated bacterial cellulose is a promising material for a colonized wound